UNI EN ISO 16090-1 Sicurezza Centri di lavoro, fresatrici, macchine transfer / Taglio a freddo metalli - P.1 Suddivisione in gruppi

ID 17927 | 25.10.2022 / Documento in allegato - Licenza ISO Certifico Srl

La UNI EN ISO 16090-1:2019 (tipo C ai sensi della EN ISO 12100), specifica i requisiti tecnici di sicurezza e le misure di protezione per la progettazione, la costruzione e la fornitura delle macchine utensili utilizzate per il taglio a freddo di metalli e materiali non combustibili (alesatrici, fresatrici, centri di lavoro, macchine transfer e macchine speciali. La norma, alla data, non è armonizzata per la Direttiva macchine 2006/42/CE.

Documento d'interesse per i Costruttori (Direttiva macchine 2006/42/CE) e Utilizzatori (D.Lgs. 81.2008).

Doc. 1. Suddivisione in gruppi
Questo primo Documento esamina la suddivisione in 4 gruppi delle macchine in relazione alle applicazioni ed ai relativi pericoli, come riportato in tabella 1.

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1. Scope

This document specifies the technical safety requirements and protective measures for the design, construction and supply (including installation and dismantling, with arrangements for transport and maintenance) of stationary milling machines (see 3.1.1), including machines capable of performing boring operations (see 3.1.2), machining centres and transfer machines which are intended to cut cold metal, and other non-combustible cold materials except for wood or materials with physical characteristics similar to those of wood as defined in ISO 19085-1, and for glass, stone and engineered/agglomerated materials as defined in EN 14618.

This document covers the following machines:

a) manually, without numerical control, operated boring and milling machines (see 3.2.1, Group 1),e.g. knee and column type milling machines (see Figures C.1 and C.2);
b) manually, with limited numerical control, operated boring and milling machines (see 3.2.2,Group 2), e.g. profile and contouring milling machines (see Figures C.3 and C.4);
c) numerically controlled milling machines and machining centres (see 3.2.3, Group 3), e.g. automaticmilling machines and milling centres, e.g. multi-spindle milling machines, gear-milling machines(see Figures C.5, C.6 and C.7);
d) transfer and special-purpose machines (see 3.2.4, Group 4), which are designed to process only pre-specified workpieces or limited range of similar workpieces by means of a predetermined sequenceof machining operations and process parameters (see Figures C.8, C.9, C.10, C.11, C.12 and C.13).

This document also applies to machines fitted with the following devices/facilities:

- tool magazine(s);
- tool changer(s);
- workpiece handling mechanism(s);
- powered workpiece clamping mechanism(s);
- swarf/chip conveyor(s);
- power-operated door(s);
- additional equipment for turning;
- additional equipment for grinding.

When in this document the sole word “machine” or “machines” is being used, it is referred to all above-mentioned groups and types of machines.

This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to this type of machinery which may occur during transportation, assembly and installation, setting, operation, cleaning and maintenance, troubleshooting, dismantling or disabling according to ISO 12100, when the machinery is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).

This document presumes accessibility to the machine from all directions and specifies access conditions to operator positions. It also applies to workpiece transfer devices including transport devices for loading/unloading when they form an integral part of the machine.
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3.2 Groups of machines

With regard to the applications and the relevant hazards, machines are subdivided into four different groups. See the overview in Table 1.

Table 1 - Overview of groups of machines

3.2.1 Group 1: Manually controlled boring and milling machine without numerical control

machine where axis motion is controlled by actuation of a mechanical handwheel or where powered single-axis motion is controlled by mechanical, electrical or other means but without the capability for programmed multiple axes movement

Note 1 to entry: For illustration, see Figures C.1 and C.2.

3.2.2 Group 2: Manually controlled boring and milling machine with limited numerical controlled capability

machine that can be operated like a Group 1 machine by the use of mechanical or electronic handwheels or as a machine with limited NC control by operating controls on the NC panel

Note 1 to entry: For illustration, see Figures C.3 and C.4.

Note 2 to entry: This group of machines may be equipped with some or all of the features of Group 1 machines (manual machines without NC) and the following:

- a limited numeric control system (NC) providing;
- constant service speed (CSS);
- axis interpolation (i.e. copying/predefined profiling);
- thread cutting cycles.

However, the following features shall not be provided:

- automatic program start;
- automatic initiated tool change;
- unlimited rapid axis movements;
- automatic workpiece change or bar feed system.

3.2.3 Group 3: Numerical controlled milling machine, milling and machining centre

numerically controlled machine capable of performing programmed multiple axis movements

Note 1 to entry: For illustration, see Figures C.5, C.6, and C.7.

Note 2 to entry: Such machines may incorporate facilities for manual control in varying degrees.

Note 3 to entry: It is possible to have different machining processes within Group 3 machinery. For these kind of processes, e.g. turning, grinding, etc., see relevant standard.

3.2.4 Group 4: Transfer and special purpose machine

machine designed to process only a pre-specified workpiece or family of workpieces, by means of a predetermined sequence of machining operations and process parameters

Note 1 to entry: For illustration, see Annex C, Figures C.8 to C.13 and Figures D.7 to D.8.
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4.2 Main hazard zones
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The main hazard zones are the following:

a) working areas with moving spindle(s) and workpiece(s), clamping components for workpiece and tool clamping, tool changer, copying unit(s), setting places for workpiece(s) and tool(s), coolant under high pressure, special measuring devices (e.g. laser);
b) handling devices for workpiece loading/unloading;
c) tool magazines and tool changers;
d) area surrounding the swarf and chip conveyor (if integrated);
e) exposed gear box;
f) exposed cam mechanisms;
g) lead screw (Group 1: manual machines without NC functions);
h) feed screw (Group 1: manual machines without NC functions);
i) ball screw (Groups 2, Group 3 and Group 4 machines);
l) linear and rotary drives.
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5.2 Specific requirements resulting from mechanical hazards

5.2.1 Protective measures for Group 1 machines

The following requirements for safeguarding of Group 1 machines shall be fulfilled.

a) To inhibit access to the cutting tool (figures in D.1), adjustable cutter guard(s), adjustable guard(s) or interlocked movable guard(s) shall be provided. Guards shall be in accordance with ISO 14120, interlocking shall be in accordance to ISO 14119.
b) An electrical interface shall be provided to connect an interlocked movable guard with the control of the machine, e.g. to prevent spindle rotation when the guard is open.
c) Regarding handwheels, the hazard of entrapment, trapping and impact resulting from power rotation of handwheels shall be prevented, e.g. by automatic disengagement or by using plain solid (no spokes) handwheels with either no pegs or sprung to safe position pegs.
d) Protective clothing and training are important. As the operator is not completely protected from ejection hazards in the work zone, special attention shall be given to the documentation, i.e. the instructions for use, to ensure that the operator has the required qualification and uses the personal protective equipment (PPE), e.g. safety glasses, tight fitted clothing, etc. (see instructions in 6.3.1 p) and, as far as possible, uses additional safety devices, adapted to the pending machining process.
e) Continuous powered axis feed rate shall not exceeding 2 m/min and/or a hold-to-run controlled rapid traverse axis speed not exceeding 5 m/min.

If Group 1 machines provide continuous powered axis feed speed exceeding 2 m/min and/or hold-to-run controlled rapid traverse axis speed exceeding 5 m/min, then the requirements of 5.2.2 for Group 2 shall also apply to Group 1 machines.
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Annex C (informative)
Illustrative figures as examples of machines

C.1 Group 1 machines

See Figures C.1 and C.2.

Figure C.1 - Example of a horizontal knee-type milling machine

Figure C.2 - Example of a vertical knee-type machine

C.2 Group 2 machines

See Figures C.3 and C.4.

Figure C.3 - Example of a single column bed-type milling machine with vertical spindle

Figure C.4 - Example of a double column bed-type milling machine (portal milling machine)
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C.4 Group 4 machines

See Figures C.8 to C.13.
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Key
1 traverse direction of the workpiece

Figure C.8 - Transfer line (illustrated without guard)
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Annex D (informative)
Illustrative figures as examples of guards

D.1 Examples of adjustable guards for milling machined.es; Group 1 (manual machines)

See Figure D.1.
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c) Guard for vertical milling machine

Figure D.1 - Examples of adjustable guards for manually controlled milling machines

D.2 Examples of guards for Group 2 machines (machines with limited NC capability)

See Figure D.2.
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b) Hinged door type guard

Figure D.2 - Examples of guards for Group 2 milling machines
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D.3 Examples of guards for Group 3 machines (automatic machines)

See Figure D.3 to D.6.
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a) Guard open

Key

1 machine column (Y axis)
2 Y slide X slide (X axis)
3 slewing rotary table (SRT)/rigid table
4 cutting fluid system
5 machine enclosure
6 spindle head with motor spindle (Z axis)
7 electrical cubicle
8 tool change
9 cooling unit
10 control panel

Figure D.3 - Examples of guards for Group 3 machines (automatic machines)
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