Slide background
Macchine


Tutti i Documenti presenti nella sezione tematica Macchine

sono elaborati o selezionati dalla nostra redazione su Standards riconosciuti.


Acquista l'Abbonamento




Stima del rischio con il metodo SCRAM (SICK)

ID 15490 | | Visite: 2796 | Documenti Riservati Direttiva macchinePermalink: https://www.certifico.com/id/15490

Cover Stima del rischio con il metodo SCRAM

Stima del rischio con il metodo SCRAM (SICK) Rev. 1.0 Settembre 2022

ID 15490 | 16.09.2022 / Documento completo (EN) in allegato

Risk assessment and risk reduction for machinery - Part 3: Conducting risk estimation. Scalable risk analysis and evaluation method (SCRAM)

Update Rev. 1.0 2022
- SICK AG - WHITE PAPER 2022-05

….

Introduction

Scope

Machine risk assessment consists of a series of steps used to examine the hazards associated with machines and it consists of two stages, namely risk analysis and risk evaluation, as laid out in ISO 12100:2012. Risk analysis comprises three stages: determining the limits of the machine, identifying hazards, and estimating the risk.

After having completed the hazard identification phase, risk estimation is carried out for each identified hazard and hazardous situation. Risk is defined as a combination of the severity of harm and the probability of occurrence of that harm.

According to ISO 12100:2012, the probability of occurrence of harm can be estimated taking into account the frequency and duration of exposure to the hazard, the probability of occurrence of a hazardous event, and the technical and human possibilities to avoid or limit the harm. The combination of the severity of the possible harm with these three probability parameters will be used to estimate risk values which can then be used for comparison purposes. At the last stage of the assessment process, risk evaluation allows decisions on risk reduction measures to be applied to the machine.

The scope of this white paper is to provide a risk estimation methodology that has proved to be robust, and reliable while preventing errors when estimating risks.

Preface

This white paper is part of a series of papers describing the SICK process of risk assessment in combination with risk reduction:

- Part 1: Defining the scope of the risk assessment
- Part 2: Identifying task/hazard pairs
- Part 3: Conducting risk estimation
- Part 4: Integrating protective devices into (existing) control systems
- Part 5: Implementing emergency operations
- Part 6: Carrying out substantial modifications

Risk reduction process

General

All products and systems include hazards and, therefore, some level of risk. However, the risk associated with those hazards shall be reduced to an acceptable or tolerable levela. The iterative process of risk assessment and risk reduction for each task and hazard combination is essential in achieving acceptable risk (level of risk that is accepted in a given context based on the current values of society).

The objective of risk reduction can be achieved by the elimination of significant hazards, or by reducing each of the two elements (separately or simultaneously) that determine the associated risk:

- Severity of harm from the hazard under consideration
- Probability of occurrence of that harm

Stima del rischio con il metodo SCRAM   Figura 1

Fig. 1 - Overall risk reduction

a For the purpose of this document, the terms “acceptable risk” and “tolerable risk” are considered to be synonymous.

Three-step method

All risk reduction measures intended for reaching this objective shall be applied in the following sequence, referred to as the threestep method:

STEP 1: INHERENTLY SAFE DESIGN MEASURES

Inherently safe design measures are achieved by avoiding hazards or reducing risks by implementing a suitable choice of design features for the machine itself and/or interaction between the exposed persons and the machine.

Inherently safe design measures are the first and most important step in the risk reduction process. This is because risk reduction measures inherent to the characteristics of the machine are likely to remain effective, whereas experience has shown that even well-designed safeguarding can fail or be defeated and information for use may not be followed.

STEP 2: TECHNICAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Guards and protective devices (also known as “safeguarding” or “engineering controls”) shall be used to protect persons whenever an inherently safe design measure does not reasonably make it possible either to remove hazards or to sufficiently reduce risks (for details see chapter “Technical protective measures”). Complementary protective measures involving additional equipment (for example, emergency stop equipment) may also be necessary.

STEP 3: INFORMATION FOR USE

Information for use consists of communication means, such as texts, words, signs, signals, symbols, or diagrams, used separately or in combination to provide information to the user (employer and/or affected persons).

The information shall contain all directions required for safe and intended use of a machine. To achieve this purpose, it shall also inform and warn the user about residual risk.

The information shall indicate, as appropriate, the requirements for additional measures that the user shall implement:

- The possible need for additional guards or protective devices
- The consideration of regular inspections
- The consideration of safe work procedures and training
- The consideration of personal protective equipment

Information for use shall not be a substitute for the correct application of inherently safe design measures, technical protective measures, or complementary protective measures.

[...]

Progressive iterations in risk assessment

Stima del rischio con il metodo SCRAM   Figura 2

Stima del rischio con il metodo SCRAM   Figura 3

Key

MSE Mechanical safeguarding equipment
CSE Control-related safeguarding equipment
SIG Information at machine (e.g., signal or signs)
INS Information in instruction handbook
ORG Safe working procedures
PPE Personal protective equipment

M One or a combination of these measures is mandatory for this risk level
HR One or a combination of these measures is highly recommended for this risk level
R One or a combination of these measures is recommended for this risk level as a lower recommendation to an HR recommendation

[...]

ANNEX: Examples of the evaluation of harm severity, ANSI B11.0-2019 3rd edition

Stima del rischio con il metodo SCRAM   Annex Part 1

[...] Segue in allegato

Certifico Srl - EN | Rev. 1.0 2022
©Copia autorizzata Abbonati 

Matrice revisioni

Rev. Data  Oggetto Autore
1.0 16.09.2022 SICK AG - WHITE PAPER 2022-05 Certifico Srl
0.0 19.01.2022 --- Certifico Srl

Fonte: SICK

Collegati

 
Descrizione Livello Dimensione Downloads
Allegato riservato Stima del rischio con il metodo SCRAM - SICK Rev. 1.0 2022.pdf
Certifico Srl - Rev. 1.0 2022
2400 kB 68
Allegato riservato Stima del rischio con il metodo SCRAM - SICK Rev. 0.0 2022.pdf
Certifico Srl - Rev. 0.0 2022
2553 kB 250

Tags: Direttiva macchine Valutazione Rischi macchine Abbonati Macchine

Articoli correlati

Più letti Direttiva macchine

Set 04, 2022 93488

Regolamento Prodotti da Costruzione (UE) 305/2011 - CPR

Regolamento CPR (UE) 305/2011 Regolamento (UE) N. 305/2011 del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio del 9 marzo 2011 che fissa condizioni armonizzate per la commercializzazione dei prodotti da costruzione e che abroga la direttiva 89/106/CEE del Consiglio (Testo rilevante ai fini del SEE) (GU L 88/10… Leggi tutto

Ultimi archiviati Direttiva macchine

Regolamento delegato  UE  2023 1717
Set 11, 2023 900

Regolamento delegato (UE) 2023/1717

Regolamento delegato (UE) 2023/1717 / Adeguamento progresso tecnico Direttiva RED norma tecnica 62680-1-3:2022 ID 20373 | 11.09.2023 Regolamento delegato (UE) 2023/1717 della Commissione del 27 giugno 2023 che modifica la direttiva 2014/53/UE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio per quanto… Leggi tutto
Set 05, 2023 627

Decreto 9 giugno 2023 / Programma nazionale di HTA Dispositivi medici

Decreto 9 giugno 2023 / Programma nazionale di HTA Dispositivi medici ID 20332 | 05.09.2023 Decreto 9 giugno 2023 Adozione del programma nazionale di HTA. (GU n.207 del 05.09.2023) Entrata in vigore: 06.09.2023 ... Art. 1 Adozione e aggiornamento del Programma nazionale HTA 1. È adottato il… Leggi tutto
Regolamento di esecuzione  UE  2023 1667
Ago 31, 2023 223

Regolamento di esecuzione (UE) 2023/1667

Regolamento di esecuzione (UE) 2023/1667 ID 20284 | 31.08.2023 Regolamento di esecuzione (UE) 2023/1667 della Commissione, dell'8 agosto 2023, recante modalità di applicazione della direttiva 2014/90/UE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio per quanto riguarda i requisiti di progettazione,… Leggi tutto
Regolamento  UE  2023 1670
Ago 31, 2023 234

Regolamento (UE) 2023/1670

Regolamento (UE) 2023/1670 / Specifiche per la progettazione ecocompatibile di smartphone ID 20283 | 31.08.2023 Regolamento (UE) 2023/1670 della Commissione del 16 giugno 2023 che stabilisce le specifiche per la progettazione ecocompatibile di smartphone, telefoni cellulari diversi dagli… Leggi tutto
Regolamento delegato  UE  2023 1669
Ago 31, 2023 210

Regolamento delegato (UE) 2023/1669

Regolamento delegato (UE) 2023/1669 / Etichettatura energetica telefoni cellulari e tablet con display flessibile ID 20282 | 31.08.2023 Regolamento delegato (UE) 2023/1669 della Commissione del 16 giugno 2023 che integra il del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio per quanto riguarda l’etichettatura… Leggi tutto
Ago 30, 2023 135

DPR 19 ottobre 2000 n. 369

DPR 19 ottobre 2000 n. 369 Regolamento recante modifica al decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 30 aprile 1999, n. 162, in materia di collaudo degli ascensori. (GU n.291 del 14.12.2000) Leggi tutto
Ago 30, 2023 112

DPR 7 maggio 2002 n. 129

DPR 7 maggio 2002 n. 129 Regolamento recante ulteriore modifica al decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 30 aprile 1999, n. 162, in materia di collaudo degli ascensori. (GU n.155 del 04.07.2002) Leggi tutto
Ago 30, 2023 99

Legge 24 ottobre 1942 n. 1415

Legge 24 ottobre 1942 n. 1415 Impianto ed esercizio di ascensori e di montacarichi in servizio privato. (GU n.297 del 16.12.1942)
Abrogato da: D.L. 22 dicembre 2008, n. 200, convertito con modificazioni, dalla L. 18 febbraio 2009, n. 9
Collegati[box-note]D.P.R. 24… Leggi tutto