Sostanze chimiche incompatibili: Fonti ufficiali
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Sostanze chimiche e rifiuti chimici incompatibili: Fonti ufficiali
ID 11606 | 23.09.2020 / News in aggiornamento
Documenti e tabelle di compatibilità/incompatibilità di sostanza chimiche e rifiiuti chimici tratte da Fonti ufficiali riconosciute.
Un criterio fondamentale da seguire per la miscelazione/deposito/stoccaggio/altro delle sostanze chimiche e rifiuti chimici è costituito dalla loro compatibilità sotto il profilo della sicurezza.
Il termine "sostanze chimiche incompatibili" si riferisce a quelle sostanze che possono:
- reagire violentemente
- reagire producendo una notevole quantità di calore
- reagire determinando la formazione di prodotti infiammabili
- reagire determinando la formazione di prodotti tossici
I contenitori delle sostanze chimiche incompatibili devono essere conservati separatamente, oltre a ciò durante l'attività devono essere prese tutte le misure necessarie affinché tali sostanze non debbano venire in contatto, in alcun modo, anche inavvertitamente.
Molte sostanze chimiche comunemente usate reagiscono in modo pericoloso quando vengono a contatto con altre.
In allegato Elenchi di sostanze incompatibili (non esaustivo) da fonti ufficiali:
- 40 CFR Appendix V to Part 264 - Examples of Potentially Incompatible Waste. - Code of Federal Regulations US
- Safe Storage of Hazardous Chemicals at - UC Berkeley US
- Chemical Waste Compatibility List - Harward University US
- EPA's Chemical Compatibility Chart - EPA US
- Chemical Segregation and Storage Table at the NIH Office of Research Services US
- Examples of incompatible chemicals - American Chemical Society US
- Guide for Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, pp. 215–217, Van Nostrand (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | LBNL) US
Nel Documento allegato è riportato link al Database di compatibilità Cole-Parmer.
Alcune di queste sostanze incompatibili sono qui di seguito elencate, a titolo esemplificativo e NON esaustivo dal LNBL.
Per una corretta manipolazione e stoccaggio dei reagenti chimici fare riferimento alla scheda di sicurezza SDS, capitolo 7.1 (manipolazione), 7.2 (stoccaggio), altro.
________
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | LBNL (From Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Guide for Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, pp. 215–217, Van Nostrand)
Table K-2. Incompatibilities by Hazard Class
|
|
Acids, inorganic |
Acids, oxidizing |
Acids, organic |
Alkalis (bases) |
Oxidizers |
Poisons, inorganic |
Poisons, organic |
Water- reactives |
Organic solvents |
|
Acids, inorganic |
|
|
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Acids, oxidizing |
|
|
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Acids, organic |
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Alkalis (bases) |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
|
Oxidizers |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
|
Poisons, inorganic |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
X |
X |
X |
|
Poisons, organic |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
Water-reactives |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
|
Organic solvents |
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
X |
|
|
|
X = incompatible
Table K-3. Chemical Incompatibility Table
|
Chemical |
Keep out of Contact With |
|
Acetic acid |
Chromic acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, peroxides, permanganates and other oxidizers |
|
Acetone |
Concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures, and strong bases |
|
Acetylene |
Chlorine, bromine, copper, fluorine, silver, mercury |
|
Alkali metals |
Water, carbon tetrachloride, or other chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, halogens |
|
Ammonia, anhydrous |
Mercury, chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, iodine, bromine, hydrofluoric acid |
|
Ammonium nitrate |
Acids, metal powders, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrites, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials |
|
Aniline |
Nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide |
|
Arsenic materials |
Any reducing agent |
|
Azides |
Acids |
|
Bromine |
Same as chlorine |
|
Calcium oxide |
Water |
|
Carbon (activated) |
Calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents |
|
Carbon tetrachloride |
Sodium |
|
Chlorates |
Ammonium salts, acids, metal powders, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials |
|
Chromic acid and chromium trioxide |
Acetic acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerol, glycerin, turpentine, alcohol, flammable liquids in general |
|
Chlorine |
Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, propane (or other petroleum gases), hydrogen, sodium carbide, turpentine, benzene, finely divided metals |
|
Chlorine dioxide |
Ammonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide |
|
Copper |
Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide |
|
Cumene hydroperoxide |
Acids, organic or inorganic |
|
Cyanides |
Acids |
|
Flammable liquids |
Ammonium nitrate, chromic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sodium peroxide, halogens |
|
Hydrocarbons |
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid, sodium peroxide |
|
Hydrocyanic acid |
Acids |
|
Hydrofluoric acid |
Ammonia, aqueous or anhydrous, bases and silica |
|
Hydrogen peroxide |
Copper, chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, alcohols, acetone, organic materials, aniline, nitromethane, flammable liquids |
|
Hydrogen sulfide |
Fuming nitric acid, other acids, oxidizing gases, acetylene, ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous), hydrogen |
|
Hypochlorites |
Acids, activated carbon |
|
Iodine |
Acetylene, ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous), hydrogen |
|
Mercury |
Acetylene, fulminic acid, ammonia |
|
Nitrates |
Sulfuric acid |
|
Nitric acid (concentrated) |
Acetic acid, aniline, chromic acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, flammable liquids, flammable gases, copper, brass, any heavy metals |
|
Nitrites |
Acids |
|
Nitroparaffins |
Inorganic bases, amines |
|
Oxalic acid |
Silver, mercury |
|
Oxygen |
Oils, grease, hydrogen; flammable liquids, solids, or gases |
|
Perchloric acid |
Acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood, grease, and oils |
|
Peroxides, organic |
Acids (organic or mineral); avoid friction, store cold |
|
Phosphorus (white) |
Air, oxygen, alkalis, reducing agents |
|
Potassium |
Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water |
|
Potassium chlorate and perchlorate |
Sulfuric and other acids, alkali metals, magnesium, calcium. |
|
Potassium permanganate |
Glycerin, ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid |
|
Selenides |
Reducing agents |
|
Silver |
Acetylene, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, ammonium compounds, fulminic acid |
|
Sodium |
Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water |
|
Sodium nitrite |
Ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts |
|
Sodium peroxide |
Ethyl or methyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide, glycerin, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, furfural |
|
Sulfides |
Acids |
|
Sulfuric acid |
Potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate (or compounds with similar light metals, such as sodium, lithium, etc.) |
|
Tellurides |
Reducing agents |
(From Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Guide for Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, pp. 215–217, Van Nostrand)
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